Present Status of Petroleum Refining Industry

Water Management in the Petroleum Refining Industry

Petroleum refining industry uses large volumes of water. The water demand is up to 3 m3 of water for every ton of petroleum processed (US EPA, 1980, 1982; WB, 1998). Almost 56% of this quantity is used in cooling systems, 16% in boiling systems, 19% in production processes and the rest in auxiliary operations. The water usage in the Mexican refineries is almost 155 millions m3 per year; it is 2...

1 Investment Expectations & Decision Making In the Petroleum Refining Industry

Administration (EIA) provides analyses used to assess proposed energy and environmental policies and to make energy forecast for the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO). The tool used by EIA for these mid to long term forecasts is the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS), a large-scale model of energy supply, demand, prices, and technologies. One component of NEMS is the Petroleum Marketing Module (P...

Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Petroleum Refining Industry

Information has proven to be an important barrier in industrial energy efficiency improvement. Voluntary government programs aim to assist industry to improve energy efficiency by supplying information on opportunities. ENERGY STAR supports the development of strong strategic corporate energy management programs, by providing energy management information tools and strategies. This paper summa...

oeCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES lN PETROLEUM REFINING

Petroleum oil was used for many centuries in Egypt, China, Mesopotamia and Persia for heating, lighting, roadmaking and building. Small accumulations of oil were reported at Pechelbronn in Alsace in 1498 and in Poland in 1506, and Marco Polo noted 'oil springs' at Baku on the Caspian Sea in the latter part of the thirteenth century. Raleigh, in 1595, reported the existence of the Trinidad Pitch...

Available and Emerging Technologies for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Petroleum Refining Industry